Modified QuEChERS extraction and GC-MS analysis of selected cannabinoids from human urine

Abstract

A modified QuEChERS extraction method using salt mixtures extracted five cannabinoids from urine. Acetonitrile-dichloromethane (1:3) achieved optimal recovery. MSTFA derivatization followed GC-MS analysis in full-scan mode. Calibration ranged from LOQ to 1000 ng/mL with correlation factors exceeding 0.998. Recovery factors ranged from 79.40%-94.86%, with LOD/LOQ values varying by cannabinoid type.