Electrochemical Sensors: State of the Art and Future

Abstract

Electrochemical sensors are the oldest type of chemical sensors and are still gaining increasing interest in research and practical applications. In particular, the discovery of new materials and modifications of carbon as well as the rapid advances in technologies with nano-sized materials have exerted a strong impact on the development of new electrochemical sensors. A central focus will be put on electrochemical biosensors, such as enzyme- and DNA-based devices. Biosensors contain a biological component in the recognition element (receptor) of the sensor, which allows rather specific determination of corresponding substrates. Their functional principles will be explained and documented with practical examples.